Renaissance vs Baroque free essay sample

Renaissance researchers utilized theâ humanistâ method in study, and looked for authenticity and human feeling in workmanship  Florentine painters drove byMasaccio strove to depict the human structure everything being equal, creating strategies to renderâ perspectiveâ and light more normally Renaissance could be seen as an endeavor by learned people to consider and improve theâ secularâ and common, both through the recovery of thoughts from classical times, and through novel ways to deal with thought. During the Renaissance, cash and craftsmanship went connected at the hip. Specialists relied absolutely upon benefactors while the supporters required cash to continue virtuosos The Early Renaissance saw the principal experts of the time explore different avenues regarding shading, point of view, tone, topic and numerous different parts of their work. Just because craftsmen had the option to investigate topic disconnected to religion. Florid: xaggerated movement and clear, effectively deciphered detail to deliver show, strain, abundance, and glory  In Baroque model, gatherings of figures accepted new significance, and there was a unique development and vitality of human forms†they spiraled around a vacant focal vortex, or ventured outwards into the encompassing space. In this paper I expect on contemplating and making an examination between 4 works of art altogether; 2 Baroque pieces and 2 pieces that have a place from the Renaissance time frame. Both the periods began in Italy and afterward spread over a large portion of Europe with time. The Renaissance was a development that began in Florence, during the fourteenth century and endured roughly till the seventeenth century. It influenced and changed Europe socially and subsequently affected the work of art being delivered. Specialists strived to accomplish progressively humanistic and reasonable portrayals. They further investigated direct point of view and concentrated on showing human feelings. The Baroque time frame began after the Renaissance time frame, generally around the seventeenth century, in Rome. The craftsmen inclined towards progressively exceptional and dynamic workmanship that included misrepresented movement and subtleties which could be effectively deciphered. This gave the fine arts more vitality and dramatization. The pieces I decided for my first examination are both equestrian sculptures which were authorized by either the ruler or the state to the particular craftsmen. Both of these figures are dedicatory show-stoppers and were based on demand. The primary piece from the Renaissance time frame is an equestrian sculpture of Gattamelata while the piece looked over the Baroque time frame is the equestrian sculpture of King Louis XIV. The principal form, the equestrian sculpture of Gattamelata was finished somewhere in the range of 1447 and 1450, during early renaissance. It starts from Pauda, Italy and is produced using Bronze. It was made by Donatello, a very much cultivated craftsman of the early renaissance time frame, who was appointed to shape a dedicatory sculpture by the Republic of Venice. It is a real existence size sculpture estimating 12’2† high, made out of appreciation for the hired fighter warrior pioneer Erasmo da Narni, following his demise. Erasmo da Narni was one of the best war chiefs (condottieri) of his time and was known as Gattamelata. He is credited the accomplishment of numerous military battles. The platform under the fundamental sculpture is made of marble has likewise been planned by Donatello. It has 2 reliefs on it towards the top and has two entryways towards the base. One of the reliefs shows fight protective layer being shown by two blessed messengers while the other one shows two Putti (A figure in works of art of a male, typically bare, rotund youngster) highlighting an emblem of the expired. The subsequent model, from the Baroque time frame, to be contrasted with the primary bit of work of art is the Equestrian sculpture of lord Louis the XIV, by Gianlorenzo Bernini. The ruler, Louis the Great, himself had appointed Bernini to make an equestrian sculpture of him. The genuine figure is produced using marble and was not etched by Bernini, as he couldn't do so given his time of more than 73 years. The earthenware model anyway was finished by him. He began dealing with it in 1669 and completed it in a year, by 1670. The model is 76 cm tall and was made in Rome, Italy. Lord Louis XIV was otherwise called Louis the incredible and his reign over France was one of the longest in the entirety of Europe. The distinction in these two figures emerges promptly from how the criticalness of the topic contrasts and how the force in their ownership differs. The primary figure is of a condotteri while the subsequent model is of a ruler. The glory of the subsequent figure thus is increasingly common in the craftsmanship piece. The equestrian sculpture of Gattamelata passes on the war captain’s authority and splendor through utilization of feelings. Erasmo has a genuine appearance all over and he watches out in the far separation to a point of convergence. So also the pony seems alarm and prepared for the fight to come. Its head is inclined to a similar side Erasmo is taking a gander at and the situation of its legs suggests movement. Profound examination and perception of human and pony life systems is evident from the figure and shows how specialists during the renaissance time frame focused on a more significant level of humanism and authenticity in their craftsmanship. Different types of imagery is likewise used to communicate and pass on messages. The front left foot of the pony lays on a sphere, which is an antiquated image for power over the earth. Erasmo conveys a blade and a cudgel to show his association with the military and his initiative. As opposed to the exactness and precise levelheadedness of Italian Renaissance elegance, Baroque craftsmanship and engineering are dynamic, dramatic, and exceptionally elaborate. What's more, he pounded out a MEANING for the stone. â€Å"That’s the Peak of Virtue. The Divine King Louis, similar to Hercules before him, went to a junction down underneath. There he needed to pick between the Primrose Path or the Rocky Climb. He picked the troublesome one and now here he has arrived at the Peak, which is the Temple of Virtue or Glory. † On one side there are two putti highlighting an ensign of the expired bogus entryways, which represent ways to the black market. This gives the landmark a feeling of a burial chamber the ponies foot, for instance is on a circle, the antiquated image for authority over the earth The human figure and the pony both in this model are of life-size and Donatello utilizes outward appearances and feelings that are shown through Erasmo to pass on the heiarchy and the force he has. Donatello utilized feeling, position, and imagery to pass on a similar message. Subsequently, Donatello says something of the intensity of the genuine individual; he doesn't have to adorn or make more stupendous whom Gattamelata was †the straightforward portrayal of the genuine man is sufficient to pass on his capacity. wed traditional point of reference with his own extraordinary, particularly visionary authenticity to create a landmark that would outperform all past such works, in this manner address the ages and the crowd of his age. the Gattamelata walks into the void of the square, typifying oneself made, endeavoring person that so spellbound the Renaissance. Gattamelata rides in mind blowing control, the stick of order crossing his horse’s neck. Pony and rider are alert, in order as veteran campaigners come to be  Their heads are gone conclusively aside, towards an observer seeing from the west, their look coordinated towards a point of convergence out yonder. The pony and rider are quickly solidified on march, the feeling of dynamic force contained is passed on partially by stirrups, which gives the rider his predominant â€Å"seat† and the five pointed star prod at the focal point of the pony shaping a vertical line down the focal point of the sculpture adjusted by the horizontality of the marble base. Dontatello’s enthusiasm for life systems just as his affectability to physiognomy served him well. Our eyes are attracted to the gag, shorter and more monstrous than that of Marcus Aurelius’ horse, strung with veins, nostrils flared †an indication of physical drudge. A throbbing vitality is additionally passed on by the open mouth, where the harness would connect the bit to the rider’s hands. The harness is depicted in the first bronze sculpture yet doesn't show up in the cast. Notice the angling peak of the neck, which Degas never aced, and the muscles of the neck, which, through the smallest projection and downturn, appear to move under skin, which swells from the turning of the head. The popping veins in the neck are caught similar to the hard bulges, specifically the survey, the zone between the ears, one of which glimmers behind, mindful to the orders of its rider. [ 1 ]. Donatellos Gattamelata and Its Humanist Audience, Bergstein, Mary [ 2 ]. Gardener’s workmanship through ages, Fred S. Kleiner [ 3 ]. Equestrian landmark of Erasmo da Narni, called Gattamelata, Mary Ann Sullivan [ 4 ]. Web display of craftsmanship

Sociology and Tutor Marked Assignment

Establishment Course in Humanities and Social Sciences Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) Course Code: BSHF-101 Assignment Code: BSHF-101/AST/TMA/2012-13 Total Marks: 100 A. Engaging Category Questions (DCQ) answer any two out of 500 words every: 1. Break down the development of man as an instrument making creature. 20 2. Does the post †Industrial society contrast from the Industrial society? Clarify 20 3. Break down the job of Gandhi in the National Movement. 20 4.How do you evaluate the presentation of Indian Economy during the underlying long periods of Globalization (since 1991)? 20 B. Center Category Questions (MCQ) answer any four of every 250 words every: 5. Talk about the accomplishments of Renaissance in the field of craftsmanship and design. 12 6. Has the Indian Economy gained any ground in the field of Distributive equity? 12 7. Talk about the mandate Principles of State approaches. Talk about the crucial Rights ensured by the Indian Constitution. How are the unique? 12 8. What job do non-state on-screen characters play in the equitable procedure? Examine. 12 9. What job does coordination play in the administration of associations? Talk about. 12 10. Talk about the idea of administration. Is encouraging receptiveness in the framework a piece of good administration. 12 11. How would you take a gander at the idea of ‘Human Security’? D iscuss. 12. Talk about the idea of â€Å"Digital Divide†. How would you figure it very well may be connected? 12 C. Short Category Questions (SCQ) 6+6 a) b) c) d) Secularism Bharatnatyam Ellora Paintings Kyoto Protocol 4

Commercial law - case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business law - contextual investigation - Essay Example In that capacity, there is no finished agreement among Wendy and Fantastic Furniture Auctioneers. As I would like to think, since there is no finished agreement of offer among Wendy and Fantastic Furniture Auctioneers, there is then no legally binding obligation acquired by the last for the costs and misfortunes of Wendy. â€Å"(1) Any individual, firm or partnership who intentionally makes or distributes or causes to be made or distributed throughout business as a salesperson any portrayal or articulation which is bogus or misdirecting in any material specific, corresponding to any parcel set available to be purchased at an sell off deal, regardless of whether with respect to the worth, piece, structure, depiction, character or quality, date, assembling, or root of that part or something else, submits an offense. â€Å"(2) It will be a protection to a charge for an offense against this area of which the creation or distribution of a bogus or deceiving portrayal or explanation is a fixing to demonstrate that the denounced accepted on sensible grounds that the portrayal or proclamation was not false or deluding. As applied to the given realities, in this manner, Fantastic Furniture Auctioneers bring about obligation under Section 24 (2) of the Auction Sales Act for deception with respect to the date of the bartering. Nonetheless, it is qualified for intervene the barrier that the supposed â€Å"representation or articulation was not bogus or misleading.† The primary issue under this thing is the impact of Sallys hollering that her offer is pulled back just before the sledge fell. The subsequent issue is the impact of Sallys withdrawal, accepting it is substantial, on the offer of Sam. â€Å"(2) A deal by sell off is finished when the salesperson declares its fulfillment by the fall of the mallet or in other standard way: until such declaration is made any bidder may withdraw his bid.† As applied to the realities, Section 60, subsection (2) is the standard administering the issue on the impact of Sallys shouting that her offer is pulled back just before the

Effect of Rising Oil Prices on Trade Balance of Pakistan free essay sample

An expansion in oil costs bring about expanded oil imports bill since its interest is inelastic which prompts swelling, increment spending shortage and squeezes conversion scale which makes imports progressively costly builds the business creation cost which influence its intensity in universal markets. Presentation: With the appearance of industrialization in the only remaining century the utilization of oil based commodities as the primary vitality contribution for all the enterprises, global raw petroleum costs has become the key marker of financial action. Albeit different types of vitality (hydro, gaseous petrol, coal and so forth) are likewise being used in Pakistan yet imported oil vitality covers a significant bit. So along these lines any adjustment in worldwide unrefined petroleum costs cause to influence all the segments of the Pakistan economy including the government assistance of the general public. WTI and Brent are viewed as the key benchmark at worldwide raw petroleum costs. Since 2001 oil costs are indicating an upward pattern arrived at untouched significant level in July 2008 to the estimation of 8 for each barrel. Before we consider the impact of rising fuel costs on Pakistan exchange balance, a significant much related issue is that all the exchange in world unrefined petroleum markets are directed in US dollars outside trade stores of Pakistan which are utilized to back universal exchanges like different imports, obligation reimbursements and so on are additionally kept in US dollars. Henceforth an expansion in oil import charge will in general put significant effect available estimation of Rupee in the money showcase if there should be an occurrence of any awkwardness in current record. Pakistan additionally creates oil locally however its creation is substantially less than its neighborhood request so along these lines Pakistan needs to import oil from different nations. Verifiable information shows that an expansion in worldwide unrefined petroleum costs adversy affects our present record balance at the same time influences our fares by expanding the residential expense of creation. The net outcome is augmenting of exchange shortfall, higher expansion consumption of important outside trade holds which are imperative for the steady rupee conversion standard. Survey OF LITERATURE: In this area we will audit the articles and research business related to our point. Joao Ricardo (2009) breaks down the effects of oil costs concerning china’s sends out. The consequence of his investigation proposes a stable since a long time ago run relationship between oil costs send out procuring incase of china. He utilized the quarterly information for the time of 1975 to 2002 in his examination discover a negative connection between coefficient of fare winning oil costs unpredictability. Hamilton is the pioneer towards the oil costs issue on economy. He completed various investigations identified with oil costs . His investigations shows that there is huge relationship among oil costs instability, monetary development advancement swelling in mechanical nations. Suleiman d. Mohammad (2009) breaks down the effect of oil costs unpredictability send out procuring regarding Pakistan . His examination recommend a critical relationship among trade winning oil costs. He utilized the yearly information for the time of 1975 2008. Salim (2007) checked on that the administration surveys fuel costs at regular intervals, however regardless of expanding in worldwide oil costs, fuel costs were not uplift in the nation during the most recent 19 months to spare general society from extra money related weight. As indicated by overseer Finance Minister Dr. Salman Shah, the fuel costs modification won't be done in one go. We will be expanding costs bit by bit. He said the fuel costs were being balanced by budgetary targets. â€Å"We need to remember numerous things our objectives, the condition of the economy and the inflationary impact†. Reigner (2007) study centers around item costs for the time of 1945 to2005 in the event of United States he discover that the 91% of costs of merchandise sold in U. S were influenced by oil costs. Investigation: From 1989 Pakistan exchange shortage is demonstrating an increasing pattern however at a very more slow rate. It demonstrated improving pattern for just a brief timeframe I. e. between the years 1999-2003. After that Pakistan exchange deficiency expanded at an extremely high yearly rate arrived at 20 billion us dollars in 2008. After 2008 Pakistan exchange balance has demonstrated improving pattern for the most part because of worldwide downturn lower oil costs. [pic] EFFECT ON TOTAL IMPORTS: Economic Survey of Pakistan 2008-09 shows that present populace of Pakistan is 170 million and sixth biggest populated nation of the world then again Pakistan is the least buyer of the vitality (around 0. 50 TOE/capita). Because of the deficiency of vitality Pakistan relies on imported vitality assets. [pic] PAKISTAN TOTAL EXPORTS IMPORTS OIL IMPORTS: | |us million $ | |YEAR |EXPORTS |IMPORTS |DEFICIT |oil imports |% of imports | |1985 |2491 |$5,906 |-3415 |$1,086 |18% | |1986 |3070 |$5,634 |-2564 |$921 |16% | |1987 |3686 |$5,380 |-1694 |$935 |17% | |1988 |4455 |$6,391 |-1936 |$1,020 |16% | |1989 |4661 |$7,034 |-2373 |$1,279 |18% | |1990 |4954 |$6,935 |-1981 |$1,522 |22% | |1991 |6131 |$7,619 |-1488 |$1,516 |20% | |1992 |6904 |$9,252 |-2348 |$1,377 |15% | |1993 |6813 |$9,941 |-3128 |$1,578 |16% | |1994 |6803 |$8,564 |- 1761 |$1,450 |17% | |1995 |8137 |$10,394 |-2257 |$1,722 |17% | |1996 |8707 |$11,805 |-3098 |$2,010 |17% | |1997 |8320 |$11,894 |-3574 |$2,246 |19% | |1998 |8628 |$10,118 |-1490 |$1,750 |17% | |1999 |7779 |$9,432 |-1653 |$1,485 16% | |2000 |8569 |$10,309 |-1740 |$2,783 |27% | |2001 |9202 |$10,729 |-1527 |$3,327 |31% | |2002 |9135 |$10,340 |-1205 |$2,664 |26% | |2003 |11160 |$12,220 |-1060 |$3,098 |25% | |2004 |12313 |$15,592 |-3279 |$2,264 |15% | |2005 |14391 |$20,598 |-6207 |$3,550 |17% | |2006 |16451 |$28,581 |-12130 |$5,956 |21% | |2007 |16976 |$30,540 |-13564 |$7,346 |24% | |2008 |19052 |$39,966 |-20914 |$10,496 |26% | |2009 |17688 |$34,822 |-17134 |$10,032 |29% | |2010 |19290 |$34,710 |-15420 |$10,463 |30% | As we can see from the information oil imports chart that our exchange deficiency between the year 1985-2002 was stale around 6 to 8 us billion US$ because of stable worldwide oil costs Our import bill was likewise just around 1-2 billion dollars . The upward pattern of oil costs from 2001 contributed significantly to our rising exchange deficiency. In past its common just 15-18% of our complete imports yet in 2010 it covers 30 % of our all out imports. Our oil import bill arrived at record level of 10 billion $ in 2008 because of extremely high worldwide oil costs. Fare EARNING: Although there are numerous different elements that influence our fares that incorporate political soundness, law request circumstance, administration, financial strategy and so forth however rising oil costs that prompts household expansion is likewise a main consideration in it. Force transport costs assume a significant job in deciding the costs of all the modern part yield. They speak to around 30% of the expense in the expense of making any modern product. So when transport power costs builds, industry net revenue diminishes they have no choice but to expand the last great costs, which unfavorably influence their market intensity. As should be obvious from the pie diagram underneath that our capacity transport segments are reliant upon oil which legitimately influences their costs when the global oil costs increments. In the year 2009-10 vehicle power parts were the significant customer of imported oil. These two segments combindly expended around 92% of oil imports. While the various parts joined utilization was simply around 8% of the all out oil utilization. At the point when fuel costs rise, wares and different merchandise inside the Pakistan become increasingly costly. With higher fuel costs, it turns out to be increasingly costly to produce and transport products. The expansion in expenses to deliver and ship the merchandise must be figured into a more significant expense for the items. Pakistan deals of the items influenced and especially volume of Pakistani fares may decay because of the more significant expenses that maker should now charge for their merchandise. [pic] Last 10 years CPI information of vitality power costs shows a radical increment in their costs. Their costs have more than twofold in this period. In spite of this exceptional cost increment, oil utilization has not diminished appropriately. The purpose behind this is interest for oil is inelastic in the present moment because of nonappearance of substitute fuel. To help clarify this inelastic interest, think about the accompanying: Truckers are as yet expected to take, and workers must keep on driving. In the event that fuel costs go up, our economy doesn’t simply stop. Individuals despite everything need to go to work. The consequence of an inelastic interest for Oil is that individuals will proceed to purchase and pay more for the fuel (since they have no Immediate other options), however will change their spending conduct somewhere else as a result of their fixed measure of pay. Presently we are examining the observational impact of oil costs on Pakistan sends out with assistance of an econometric model. Model Log Export procuring = ? 1+ ? 2log GDP + ? 3 log M2 + ? 4 log GINI + ? 5 oil cost + ? 6 log BOT + e The above model shows that the fare gaining is reliant factors and GDP, M2, GINI, oil costs are autonomous factors. Thus GDP represents Gross household item, M2 is a fiscal total and GINI is a coefficient which quantifies the expectation for everyday comforts and distribution of riches in an economy. BOT shows the equalization of exchange (Export-Import). All the factors are taken in normal log structure which shows the versatility and the rate change in autonomous factors causes how much changes happen in subordinate factors. |â |log GDP |log GINI |log BOT |log M2 |log Oil costs | |Coefficient |0. 4587 |5878 |1. 2124 |0. 7824 |-1. 5987 | |t values |2. 125 |3. 214 |4. 2567 |2. 1458 |5. 2133 | The aftereffect of model shows that there is for quite some time run relationship among the factors. Coefficient of GDP is critical and positive sign shows that as GDP expands then yield level increments and cause to increment in trade gaining however coe

Choosing Your Own Adventure

Choosing Your Own Adventure Thinking of living off campus? Maybe not, maybe you just want to read about it. If youre an incoming freshman or thinking of applying, this wont apply to you just yet anyway, since all freshman are required to live on campus for their first year. But, maybe youre thinking about it anyway, or just curious to see what its like. And lucky for you, Ive got the scoop. According to MIT, about 73 percent of undergraduates live in a dorm on campus, and about another 24 percent of students live in FSILGs,01 fraternities, sororities, and independent living groups which are mixed on-and-off campus. That leaves about 3 percent of people who just live elsewhere in non-MIT affiliated housing. Theres a lot of pros and cons to living off-campus,02 for the record, whenever i refer to off-campus from this point on, ill mostly be referring to living in not mit-affiliated housing which you can weigh differently depending on what youre looking for. But first, where do we begin? How to Get Housing Off Campus Finding housing can be a bit tricky. Luckily, theres a lot of MIT resources for finding housing. You can email them for help on signing leases, knowing your rights as a tenant, navigating the market, and more. Theres also a separate website they have that has local listings. I havent used these resources to find housing to be fair, but you can use things like Craigslist, Zillow, or even hiring a realtor. Rental properties for September leases usually go up around April/May, sometime earlier. You can also get July leases, but those are less common. It can be a stressful process, since theres so much competition vying for properties, especially the ones that actually decent. But, you get the added benefit of being able to stay for an entire year, or more, depending on your lease. The Good vs The Bad How do you know if living off-campus would be good for you? It really depends on what youre looking for out of school and your living experience. If youre looking to be around lots of people all the time and really want to feel a part of a larger community, maybe a dorm is a good place to stay for your time here. Many people stay in the dorms for their entire undergraduate careers. However, if youre seeking a bit more independence and separation of your school/work life, living off campus is a good option. Here is my list of pros and cons: The Pros: Separation between school and the rest of my life. Even though Im not far from the Institute, going home feels a bit like breaking out of the bubble. I can balance my life far better when Im not constantly surrounded by school, and other students who are constantly working. I dont have to live, breathe, work, cry, eat, and sleep at MIT, which allows me to mentally separate that part of my life from the rest. I do work when Im home,03 and i do some of those other things at mit but it feels more like Im working from home and less like this is my entire life. Its been hugely instrumental in making me feel like Im not drowning, and letting myself live a life not entirely shrouded by looming stress. Another pro for me has been the decreased amount of shared everything. Although I do live with 6 people in what is essentially a cooperative living situation,04 we equally share groceries and chores and other expenses it is a lot easier to manage with 7 than it is with, say, 50. Ive found that I can be really particular with my space, and that it can have pretty negative impacts on my mental health if theres a lot of chaos. In my home, theres just enough people that nothing ever feels too burdensome, but people mostly05 no ones perfect take responsibility over the space. Ive had to live through too many dirty kitchens and messy communal spaces to go through that again. And I know that coordination and cleanliness can be nigh impossible to manage with so many people, like in a dorm or living group that doesnt have maintenance staff. You get to feel a part of a different, broader community. Being at MIT, you never really feel like anything but an MIT student. Sure, I still am a student, but Im also a resident of Cambridge.06 its on my drivers license! Events happen around the city and for once I dont feel like an intruder or a tourist, but like someone who actually lives here. The feeling of independence I get. I can have overnight guests every day of the week, every day of the year. No one can force me to get a dining plan. I dont have to check my guests in. I can stay for the summer without applying again. I can have fire hazards all over my room.07 the huge banner covering up an entire wall of our living room? great! my collection of 10 candles? awesome! microwave in my bedroom? i wont, but i could I am absolutely free, except for what the things my landlord will find out and fine us for. Which leads me into the next list, the cons. The Cons: Bostons housing is notoriously expensive. If youre trying to live relatively close to campus, and in a home that isnt literally falling apart, you might have to spend a bit. When you factor in other costs that MIT normally covers (furniture, household items), it can come close to the cost of housing on campus. But, if youre smart, you can find something more affordable and comfortable for you. Unfortunately, when you trade in one set of rules to follow, you get another one in return. So, while its true I dont have to follow Institute rule, I do have to follow my landlords. This can be very variable in degree of outrageousness, from no smoking in the house08 reasonable to no more than 8 people allowed at a time (in a house that has 7 bedrooms).09 pretty unreasonable Living away from campus can be a con, if also a pro. While the separation is nice, you have to really commit to being at school because you cant just go home and grab things like if you lived in a dorm. Its all about the early morning checklist (notebooks? check. lunch? check. headphones? check.) Youre a lot more limited in customizing your space. This one is really based on frame of reference though; coming from a dorm that let you install your own hardwood veneer, drill into walls, paint murals, and pretty much install anything you wanted, suddenly not being able to was a shock. Most apartments wont let you make modifications to the walls or flooring, so my murals are limited to canvasses and papers that I pin up. Food Because I lived in a cook-for-yourself dorm previously, I kind of had the whole survival thing in the bag. But, I understand it can be daunting to sort of cut yourself off of the MIT lifeline. Unfortunately, since where you live off campus is so variable, theres no way to make a universal guide to food. Everything depends on your location, budget, and needs. But, I can at least talk about my experience. While I dont have a formal budget, I do try to limit my expenses as much as possible. Im nicely situated between Cambridges Inman, Central, and Harvard Squares, so I have a plethora of take-out and sit down options that I dont really take advantage of. But, living in this area also makes me much closer to what has to be the greatest supermarket I have ever encountered in Boston: Market Basket. It is huge, cheap, and very convenient to get to. My roommates and I have a communal grocery system in place, so around 1-2 times a week, we get a big haul of essential staples, and anything else people request in between. Usually, this comes out to around 20 dollars a week, and lasts for the whole week. Im a big fan of a system like this not just for affordability, but also for reducing food waste. Although, this isnt limited to living off-campus, and something you could definitely set up in a dorm or FSILG. I also live close to a Whole Foods and HMart, and Trader Joes isnt too far of a trek. I cook around 3-5 times a week, depending on how busy I get. Since I live a relatively short walk from campus, I usually walk back home to eat lunch if I have a 2-3 hour gap between classes. Its nice to get a break in the middle of the school day where I can truly relax and cook myself something nice. Even if it means I have slightly more work to do later (since I waste time walking to and from, and then cooking), I value that moment of respite, so Im going to keep doing it as long as its sustainable. Otherwise, on days when I just have half an hour to eat, I pack leftovers from the night before and eat it in my courses lounge. And remember, snap-sealed or screw-lid Tupperware is essential for any commute. You dont want to spill soup contents all over your backpack. Commuting My commute to school so far hasnt been bad. Thankfully, its only fall, and the weather is bearable, so I can get by just walking to class. Even though its only been a month, I walk using just muscle memory, so its like an extended 15 minute daydream where Im also tuning back out every once in a while to make sure I dont get hit by a car. But, maybe you dont live at my address, or walking isnt your favorite thing to do, or it gets really cold out, as it does in Boston. Then what? Lucky for you, there are a lot of other options! Since the semester has just started and the weather has been reasonable, I havent had to open my Mental Logbook of Options just yet, but Ive got it ready. So lets get into it. Public Transit First up, theres the MBTA.10 which stands for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, or Bostons public transit system This system includes the T,11 the local subway system the busses, and even some trolleys here and there. MIT is pretty centrally located for a lot of public transit, including, but not limited to, the Ts Red Line via Kendall Square, and the 1 bus. Ive got a few options, too. I could walk a few blocks away and take the 64 or the 68 bus to Kendall, walk to Central Square and take the T or the 1 bus, or even take the 91 to Central Square to then  take the bus or the T, and more Im sure Im missing. It all may sound very intimidating, just numbers and routes that are hard to memorize all at once, but they are just as easy to get used to as remembering the numbers of every major or building at MIT. I like to use the Transit app to do the legwork of figuring out public transit for me. It works in every major city Ive been in, and is all around a great resource to have. All you do is put in the address youre starting from, where youre trying to go, and how you want to leave. You can set three options: if you want to leave now, if you want to leave at a specific time, or if you want to arrive by a specific time. So, if I was trying to go to MIT for a meeting at 3PM, Id put in the buildings address, say I want to get there by 2:55PM,12 i like to be a little on the earlier side and bam! It tells me all the different ways I can get there, how long each would take, and when I would need to leave the house. In addition to being a transit-integrated navigation system, Transit also just gives you so much information. You can see what busses and train stops are near you, and how long until the next one arrives, with regular live tracking. Itll warn you if a route is changed due to construction, or seasonal schedules, or for anything else. You can even see the locations of Blue Bike stations nearby, and how many bikes are available to use at each. I also used it when I was traveling in Montreal, and it made navigating the French-Canadian public transportation a breeze! I could rave about this for hours, but it has seriously saved me from so much pain of having to learn Boston bus routes, and Ive used significantly less rideshare apps since downloading it. MIT will also subsidize 50 percent of any monthly T-pass card, which is a huge save if you are going to be regularly commuting. You can purchase them by the month, or save even more by purchasing a semesters worth at once. This T pass can cover just buses, the bus and the subway, the commuter rail plus the bus and subway, and more. This is also a great option even when youre not commuting; its a lot easier to be motivated to explore the Greater Boston area outside of MIT when you have unlimited rides within the city. MIT Shuttles MIT also has a few shuttle services: a campus TechShuttle that drives around campus during the week, a daytime Boston shuttle that drives from campus to Back Bay, an area where a lot of MITs off-campus fraternities and sororities live, and a nighttime shuttle service that routes to locations in Boston, Cambridge, and Somerville. All of these services are free for students. Because I live in Cambridge, the most effective way to me to get to campus during the day would be to use public transportation available. But, Im sure that as the days get colder and the nights come earlier, Ill be using the SafeRide shuttle service to get home, since it drops off right near me. Biking/Skateboarding/Rollerblading/etc Biking is also a very popular option for students who live off campus, for ease and cost. I personally dont like biking in cities, but Ive had roommates who would bike or skateboard to MIT as their form of personal commute, and it seems efficient! Even now, though none of my roommates are currently students at MIT, some of them still bike to get to their jobs now. Boston and Cambridge both seem to be pretty bike friendly in comparison to a lot of other cities. Much like with the T-pass, MIT also offers a subsidized Blue Bike membership, if youre looking to bike without having to deal with the purchase/maintenance/storage that comes with owning a bike. Walking Like I mentioned before, I mostly walk. I love walking. Even when I worked in Somerville, I trucked along rain or shine or snow, walking along. Its my personal favorite form of getting anywhere in Boston,13 given, its within 1.5 hrs and the weather is alright and I like that it gets me moving, even if its only for about a cumulative 45 minutes a day. Its also totally free, doesnt involve any waiting,14 except for traffic lights and I like seeing the sights around the city while I do it. Now that its getting colder, Ive brought out my gloves and sweaters and thicker jackets to prepare for my walks. To be honest, Ill probably be walking to class until the temperatures reach below freezing, if I even stop then. But, who knows until it comes? So now, are you ready to spend a few minutes in my shoes? Heres a Choose-Your-Own-Adventure styled game where you can simulate it, down to the minute details. Try and choose your own path, and try not to look ahead at different sections. Cool? Or, if you just want to skip to my final thoughts, click here. Right now, say its 9:10 AM. You have a 9:30 AM class in Building 5. Can you make it to class on time? Lets start off easy, do you want to listen to music on your walk? Heres two, short playlists of things Ive been listening to lately, you can choose whatever, or just choose to listen to the sounds of the city, if thats more your thing. If one of these sounds good to you, or would rather walk in silence, click here. Keep reading if you want to keep looking. You keep looking for more music, uninspired by the options presented to you before. Maybe some older hits will resonate more with you. Regardless of how you feel, you realize youre taking too long to decide this, and you really should get going. You could listen to whatever, endlessly skipping through until Spotify recommends something better. Or, you forgo music altogether, ready to listen to the wonderful sounds of the world. (3 minutes) Keep reading to start walking. Finally, you leave the house. You walk down your street, with its uneven sidewalks and trees that seem to swallow the path you follow. Autumn has just begun, so leaves begin to litter the ground. If you chose to walk in silence, you can hear them crunch under your shoes. a sidewalk surrounded by trees, and a close up of leaves An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next You reach the familiar juncture between your street and Broadway. You know the way to MIT is left, but you can cross the street and walk on the opposite side, just to get a different view. To cross now, click here. To stay on this side and just turn left, keep reading. You stayed on your side of the street, and just turned left. Good choice, that crosswalk can get kind of scary with cars zooming in from the left and right.  The first thing you notice on your side as you walk along is a tribal rug store. At this particular rug store, every day is a sale, somehow. Some are hung up along the brick facade with worn out signs with percentages pinned to them. With the front door open, you take a quick glance inside the sprawling space, a wide room with low ceilings and carpets rolled up in every corner. It smells like well, it smells like carpets. You know where to go whenever your trusty carpet finally gives in. a picture of carpets hanging on the wall Further down, you pass by a restaurant that you didnt realize was a restaurant for ages. The facade is a simple and unassuming; white brick with the name in black. Above, there are apartments. A version of their menu (apparently they rotate every few weeks, only using seasonal vegetables and other ingredients) hangs in the small, rectangular window. Its hard to tell whats going on in there, and youve never been inside. a picture of the restaurant, bondir Ahead, the street becomes pretty residential on this side, but you can see whats across the street; architecture firms and corner stores and even what looks like a community garden. Theres a building on this side under construction, so as you walk down the street, you get to a point where youre under scaffolding. On particularly hot or rainy days, its nice to have the extra protection from the sun or rain. Plus, depending on the time, the light filtering through the end of the tunnel looks very beautiful. a picture of the scaffolding tunnel, and a close up of a light in the tunnel An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Now, youre at Windsor Street. You have two options: turn right on Windsor Street, or keep going down Broadway. Both routes will take you to MIT, but which one will get you closer to where you need to be? To turn right on Windsor, click here, and add (1 minute) as you wait for the light to cross. To keep going down Broadway, click here. You cross the street before turning left.  Youre gonna have to turn right eventually,  so might as well be on the right side early. As you walk, you start to take in some of the familiar scenery. The first notable thing you pass is a Montessori School (the first of many). On some mornings, you can see a chain of very young children in Safety Yellow vests being herded into the small building. Today is not one of those mornings. The next thing you walk by is the local plant store. With windows that go up to the ceiling, and white interiors contrasted with bright green plants in every corner, this place looks straight out of a catalog. a sign that says aloe there! we are open and a picture of the plant store An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Next, is your local craft brewery slash breakfast taco place.  Since its still relatively warm out, their front facing wall is open, letting the sounds of people chatting come through in the air (that is, if you can even hear them). Some of the people look busy and sip their coffees. And, even though youve walked by here hundreds of times, youre always surprised at how even at 9AM on a weekday, theres always at least one person drinking a beer, laptop in front of them. The sour smell of beer wafts through the air. a sign that says Metric Systems Just a few steps ahead, you notice a dog sitting by the large, industrial barrels! Youve seen him there on occasion, other times at different businesses on this street. You dont really know who he belongs to. To keep walking, click here. To take a picture of the dog, keep reading. You fumble to take your phone out of your pocket, accidentally dropping it onto the sidewalk. No worries, youve got a pretty hefty case, so theres no damage. You pick it up again, resume what you were listening to, and take a picture of the dog. (1 minute) a picture of the dog among beer barrels Keep reading to continue along. You keep walking down Broadway, smiling to yourself as you remember the dog. You pass by more familiar sights; the Dry Cleaning place where you can see the owner busily sewing away from the window, the corner store that you havent been in once, and the barber shop that always has people chatting up front. Even more ahead, theres a community garden to your right, and the ever recognizable brick building with its huge white lettering. a close up of the barber shop logo, and the building that reads Squirrel Brand Company An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next You keep walking. Now, theres an elementary school you pass by every day. The first thing you see is the giant abacus they have installed in the front (or is it the back? you cant really tell), that you wonder if anyones ever used. a picture of a giant abacus You now reach Windsor Street. You can either turn right here, or keep going down Broadway. Both will take you to MIT, but will they take you where you want to go? To turn on Windsor, click here. To keep going down Broadway, keep reading. You keep going down Broadway.  This is the most straightforward path there, so you can just mindlessly walk forward without thinking too hard about where youre going. As you walk along, you notice the most vibrantly magenta house youve ever seen. It almost seems to glow surrounded by whites and beiges and pops of green. You can only wonder about the people who live in here, and the kind of courage it must take to decide to paint your home in a color that always stands out. a picture of the magenta house, with a close up of leaves An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Ahead and to your right is a Dunkin Donuts. The smell of coffee, hot chocolates, and frozen donuts being thawed makes your mouth water. You try to blink away your last remainders of sleepiness, but they fight back. Do you go in and buy something sweet for a jolt of energy? To keep walking, click here. To go in and buy something, keep reading. You go into the Dunkin to buy something. You really need that last boost, and you promise to yourself that youll be quick about it. There are two people in line in front of you, and you know this shouldnt take long. You peruse the options on the menu while you wait, and one of the people in front of you pays for their order and moves to wait for it. The next person in line starts no, it cant be, not now. Not when youre pressed for time. You know as soon as you hear the words pumps and multiple numbers being thrown around that youre in for it: the overly complicated coffee order. With a heavily modified breakfast sandwich thrown in.   You didnt even know such modifications were possible at a Dunkin Donuts. You cant afford to waste any more time here, but youd be damned if you didnt at least get something after having already waited. They finally finish ordering, and you basically throw your credit card and yell your order as soon as you reach the register. They give it to you and you run out the store, almost forgetting to grab your card. (4 minutes) You keep walking, and you feel the anxiety of being late start to wash over you. Not that its that big of a deal, but you hate the feeling of interrupting a lecture thats already started. Your stride is quick and steady, so you shouldnt be walking for much longer. The area around you becomes much less residential as you keep going, the buildings getting taller and taller as you go along. Youre close to Kendall Square. a photo of a little free library- a box filled with box that passerbys can just grab or add to You pass by another coffee shop, a local Boston chain. Immediately after, you reach the Garment District, a used clothing shop that sells a seriously wild amount of colorfully patterned button-ups. You can also get some clothing for 2 dollars per pound (1 on Fridays!) here, it just requires a bit of digging. Soon enough, you cross the railroad tracks and youre in the Kendall area, surrounded by tech companies, and the occasional building owned by MIT. You turn right on Ames Street, and you can finally see where youre going just ahead. In just a few yards, youll be on MITs campus at last. a picture of railroad tracks, and a geometric building An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next But uh oh! Youve made a mistake. Youre on the East Side of campus now, but Building 5 is all the way by Lobby 7, on Mass Ave. You quicken your pace now, and wind through Building 66 into Building 56 into Building 16 and climb the stairs up to reach the Infinite Corridor. You stride through here, dashing between people as you hurry along. Finally, you reach Lobby 7, and you are just steps away from class. (25 minutes) Click here to see if you made it on time. You turn right on Windsor.  Immediately, you notice the sidewalk is painted with differently colored animal tracks of some sort. As you walk along the elementary school, you approach a sign that explains it. Can you run like a cougar? it reads, and you take a look at the blue cougar prints again. Theyre pretty far apart, so no, you dont think you can run like a cougar. a picture of colored paw prints on the sidewalk, and a sign that says animal tracks: wow! lets check out these cougar tracks! An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Soon enough, youre besides the schools playground, where, depending on the time of day, you can hear children screaming as they play. You reminisce about the concept of recess, and the joy of being a child with not a significant care in the world. The memory makes you feel old. You keep walking. Up ahead is an authentic Puerto Rican restaurant, Izzys, one of Cambridges gems. The smell of food drifting out of their windows is magical and makes you loathe your simple breakfast. At this place, you can get some amazing slow roasted pork with rice and beans, or empanadas, or plantains, and more. This part of Cambridge is known as The Port, and theres street art up ahead to show it. a picture of Izzys restaurant, and the Port mural that is on the street An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next Youve got a steady rhythm of walking by now, glancing at things as you go by but not stopping for too long. Theres the clinic on your right, the plaza to your left, and homes all the way in between. This one door stands out to you, contrasted against the incredibly worn out building. a picture of a geometric light in front of a home, and a worn out door with a sign that says love on it An arrow pointing right Previous An arrow pointing right Next You keep walking along, either jamming to whatever song is playing now, or listening to the sounds of Cambridge come alive. You reach Main Street, which hosts a few different restaurants (Royal East, Cuchi Cuchi, Bertuccis, Craigie on Main, to name a few), but you keep going straight down Windsor. As soon as you cross Main, you can smell chocolate in the air coming straight from the Tootsie Roll Factory on your left. A few blocks down (and a few business later), you finally reach Massachusetts Avenue. MIT is just to your left, so you turn left and keep going, not stopping to check the time. Flour Bakery is on your right, filled with people grabbing coffee before their classes or jobs. On your left are two fast casual restaurants that you havent bothered to check out yet. Finally, you cross Albany Street, and everything ahead of you is the familiar campus of MIT. The Student Center, Building 9, and at last, Lobby 7. You climb up the steps and head inside. Building 5 is right off of Lobby 7, so you are just steps away. You arrive to your class quickly. (20 minutes) Keep reading to see if you made it on time. Typical MIT classes start 5 minutes after theyre technically scheduled, so you should be in class by 9:35AM. Total up all of the minutes you saw on your path, and add it to 9:10AM, your starting point. Did you make it to class on time? Start Over? All in all, I love living off campus. Not only did it feel like the natural progression, since I was coming off of two years of work and going back to school, but it helps me balance my life in the ways I want to. Plus, it means I still get to live with my friends whove graduated, instead of having to meet a whole new group of people in a hall. I still feel like I get the benefits of being in a dorm, since we all still feel a sense (if small) of community. Its just nice to be able to tune out every once in a while. fraternities, sororities, and independent living groups back to text ? for the record, whenever i refer to off-campus from this point on, i'll mostly be referring to living in not mit-affiliated housing back to text ? and i do some of those other things at mit back to text ? we equally share groceries and chores and other expenses back to text ? no one's perfect back to text ? it's on my driver's license! back to text ? the huge banner covering up an entire wall of our living room? great! my collection of 10 candles? awesome! microwave in my bedroom? i won't, but i could back to text ? reasonable back to text ? pretty unreasonable back to text ? which stands for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, or Boston's public transit system back to text ? the local subway system back to text ? i like to be a little on the earlier side back to text ? given, it's within 1.5 hrs and the weather is alright back to text ? except for traffic lights back to text ?

Gender Politics and Irish Nationalism in Cathleen Ni Houlihan - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"I am writing a woman out of legend. I am thinking how new it is – this story. How hard it will be to tell† (Eavan Boland). Much of twentieth-century Irish literature engages in issues relating to gender. Although stereotypical representations of men and women were often core to many narratives, some authors chose to abandon the gender archetypes to which they were culturally confined. In their co-authored play Cathleen Ni Houlihan, authors Lady Gregory and William Butler Yeats present their audience with contrast gender ideologies throughout their respective contributions to the text. While the play in its entirety is political and is therefore a critical piece of Irish nationalism within the genre of Irish literature, diverging political statements are made within. Within her critical text Ascendancy Nationalism, Feminist Nationalism, and Stagecraft in Lady Gregorys Revision of Kincora, professor Maureen Hawkins highlights the inferiority complex among gender roles and their relation to Irish nationalism. She notes that although many women â€Å"played prominent roles in the political and cultural nationalist movements, they and their efforts were marginalized and sometimes suppressed† (Hawkins, 95). Similarly, within English Radicals and Reformers, authors, Edward Royle and James Walvin, comment upon the â€Å"emancipation† of women regarding their position in nationalist movements (Royle Walvin, 188). Women and their role within politics were greatly undermined. Although Lady Gregory has been coined as the â€Å"woman behind the Irish Renaissance†, this title does not allude to her influential role regarding the establishment of Irish literature. Her contributions were often overshadowed by her fellow – and predominantly male – literary associates, like those of William Butler Yeats and John Millington Synge. However, her work merits extensive recognition for their feminist undertones, as she attempts to reframe gender ideologies and expose the nature of Irish nationalism. Recent scholarship has addressed exactly this situation: â€Å"Ireland has, of course, long been gendered – by the political nationalist metanarrative and the cultural nationalism of traditional history and literature – as a women victimized by the colonizing English male. For an equally long time, the lives of actual Irish women were arguably colonized by Irish men, at the same time both genders were colonial subjects of England† (Bradley Valiulis, 6). Within twentieth century Irish literature, the Irish woman was generally confined to the limitations of her role as a maiden or an old hag. With little mention of independent thought or action, their characters were often not of great significance. In fact, â€Å"In the literature of the emerging nation, women reverted to being a site of contest rather than an agent of her own desire. No nationalism in the world has ever granted women and men the same privileged resources of the nation-state† (Kiberd, 406-7). However, known for her feminist ideals, Lady Gregory plays upon this discrepant allegory by empowering her female characters. In Cathleen Ni Houlihan, mythology is used to dramatize a lost and homeless Ireland that can only be vindicated by acts of heroism. Arrays of symbols evoke the ongoing theme of nationalism, but the most prominent is of Cathleen herself. An elderly woman who can only be revived as young and beautiful upon the sacrifice of young men, Cathleen becomes a personification for Ireland, as she requires these men to take action on her behalf and protect her from external forces: â€Å"Bridget. What was it put you wandering? Old Woman. Too many strangers in the house. Bridget. Indeed you look as if you’d had your share of trouble. Old Woman. I have had trouble indeed. Bridget. What was it put the trouble on you? Old Woman. My land that was taken from me. Peter. Was it much land they look from you? Old Woman. My four beautiful green fields† (Gregory Yeats, 5). The reader is immediately able to make connections between Cathleen’s abstract dialogue and their parallels to Irish history, supporting the ideal that she is an embodiment of Ireland. For instance, editor, James Pethica, writes that the â€Å"four beautiful green fields† allude to the four provinces of Ireland: Munster, Leinster, Ulster and Connacht. According to Rosalind Clark’s The Great Queens: Irish Goddesses from the Morrigan to Cathleen Ni Houlihan, â€Å"To the audience it is clear that her talk has a double meaning, but to the family in the play it sounds perfectly natural at first: the old woman’s situation is only too unusual among Irish beggar women. There is another side of her talk that they cannot understand, but they put that down to the fact that she has had so much trouble that it ‘has put her wits astray’. But these speeches are full of meaning and produce intense emotion in the audience, who are suddenly realizing that thi s old woman is Cathleen† (Clark, 174). Cathleen claims that she has been wandering because there are â€Å"too many strangers in the house† (Gregory Yeats, 5). The authors are hereby refering to real world conflict by insinuating Great Britain’s reign over Ireland (the British are strangers within the house of Ireland). By adding a realistic aspect to the text, themes of nationalism are legitimized and Lady Gregory and Yeasts’ arguments carry influential depth to their audiences. Enlisting the help of â€Å"friends†, Cathleen entices men to â€Å"die for her† with promises of fame and glory. She tells Michael, the son of the Gillanes, about the series of heroes who have sacrificed themselves. Abandoning his betrothed, he becomes eager to do the same. â€Å"Peter [to Patrick, laying on his arm]. Did you see an old woman going down the path? Patrick. I did not, but I saw a young girl, and she had the walk of a queen† (Gregory Yeats, 9). This feminine representation reflects an idyllic male image of womanhood. However, as women were often characterized by their docile and nurturing nature, Cathleen’s blood thirst is a shocking contradiction to this traditional female archetype: â€Å"Cathleen Ni Houlihan celebrates death [and] summons men to die for an abstract notion of the four beautiful green fields and idealised concept of Ireland† (Innes, 109). In her article Thinking of Her†¦ as†¦ Ireland: Yeats, Pearse and Heaney, Elizabeth Cullingford examines this depiction of Ireland as a woman and concludes that this representation is neither natural nor stereotypical, but â€Å"rhetorically invisible† (Cullingford, 3). Gregory presents her audience with an opposition to the traditional social structure of Ireland, wherein men fight and defend their country on behalf of a woman. By straying from the stereotype in which women served as passive symbols of the nation, Gregory exposes the patriarchal nature of nationalism and uses literature as a means of shattering gender ideologies. William Butler Yeats was undoubtedly a leader among the Irish Literary Revival whose writing embodied nationalist elements of Irish spirit and culture. In his contribution to Cathleen Ni Houlihan, Yeats contrasts materialistic life with the glory of sacrifice in order to elucidate the need for Irish independence. However, his approach to the play offers a diverging political statement than that of Lady Gregory, shying away from feminine empowerment and underlining instead the importance of nationalism. They shall be remembered forever, They shall be alive forever, They shall be speaking forever, The people shall hear them forever† (Gregory Yeats, 8). Through Michael’s willingness to fight for Cathleen as a nation, Yeats’ is making personal and political commentary. He presents man as a patriot and an active defender of the female Ireland and uses literature as a means of evoking and representing his own nationalistic pride. Women, however, function solely as metaphors – submissive and empty symbols that ultimately diminish the humanity of man. Through Yeats’ symbolism and the subtle reinforcement of traditional female stereotypes, he reinstates the inferiority complex and legitimizes the patriarchal dominance that Lady Gregory denied. Returning to Boland’s quotation regarding the writing of a woman out of legend, we begin to understand that literature is personal and often reflects the opinions and biases of the author. In their collaboration, Cathleen Ni Houlihan, Lady Gregory and William Butler Yeats present their audience with a paradox regarding the feminine condition and its relation to Irish nationalism. While Cathleen is depicted as an asexual mother of the nation and a mythical emblem of Irish nationalism, she is also an empty symbol that drives the distortion and marginalization of women. Through Cathleen’s character, Lady Gregory voices political statement, tackles patriarchal power structures and expresses her own frustrations towards the social restrictions of her time. Her text presents a forceful argument for the inclusion of women into the broader political sphere. Yeats, however, undermines these feminist ideologies by hollowing the role of the woman throughout the play. Serving merel y as a symbol for the nation, he does not grant women political acknowledgement. Offering their audience diverging political statements, Lady Gregory and William Butler Yeats ultimately unite in their call for Irish nationalism. Works Cited: Bradley, Anthony and Maryann Gialanella Valiulis. Gender and Sexuality in Modern Ireland. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1997. Clark, Rosalind. The Great Queens: Irish Goddesses from the Morrigan to Cathleen ni Houlihan. Maryland: Barnes and Noble books, 1990. Print. Cullingford, Elizabeth B. Thinking of Her as Ireland: Yeats, Pearse and Heaney. Taylor Francis Online (2008): n. pag. Web. Edward Royle and James Walvin, English Radicals and Reformers (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1981), p. 188. Innes, C.L. Woman and Nation in Irish Literature and Society, 1880-1935. Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993. Kiberd, Declan. Inventing Ireland. London: Random House, 1996. Maureen S.G. Hawkins. Ascendancy Nationalism, Feminist Nationalism, and Stagecraft in Lady Gregorys Revision of Kincora. 1990. Ryan, Louise and Margaret Ward, Irish Women and Nationalism, Soldiers, New Women, and Wicked Hags. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2004. Yeats, William B., and Augusta Gregory. Cathleen Ni Houlihan. N.p., n.d. Web.

Russian Politics Final Questions On The Soviet Revolution

Scott Talentino Robert Nalbandov Russian Politics Russian Politics Final-Questions 1 3 Question 1-What were the most important causes of the fall of the Tsarist regime and its replacement by a â€Å"Socialist† system? Throughout various episodes in history, multiple variables contribute to the rise and collapse of different regimes. During the later stages of the Romanov dynasty in Russia, the Tsarist regime teetered towards collapse and eventually faced its demise due to a plethora of factors. The lack of efficient leadership, continued brutality towards the populace, war, famine, and the banishment of political figures, along with the â€Å"tinkering† with the old political system instead of larger measures towards reform, and the influence of radical thinkers, Marxists in particular, all contributed to the collapse of the Tsarist regime and rise of the Socialist state. One sees the initial seeds of opposition against the Tsarist regime with the rise of the Decembrists. In 1825 a group of revolutionary noble army officers and freemasons opposed the rise of Tsar Nikolai I to power, wishing for more liberal reforms, including a constitution, an abolishment of the monarchy and the eradication of serfdom. In the end, the revolt was crushed by the Imperial forces and 121 leaders were arrested, 5 of whom were put to death. Many participants in the revolt were exiled to Siberia. This pattern illustrates the continual process of repression in Russia and its politicalShow MoreRelatedHow the Revolutionary-Imperial Paradigm Shaped Soviet Foreign Policy during the Early Cold War1559 Words   |  7 PagesHow did the revolutionary-imperial paradigm shape Soviet foreign policy during the early Cold War? The defeat of Germany and its satellites in the war radically changed the balance of forces in the world. The Soviet Union became one of the leading world powers, without which, should not have been resolved then no question of international life. 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Eventually, the Russian Revolution of 1917 occurred which sparked a significant change and it was a defining moment for Russia. Many instances preceded the Revolution which ultimately led to revolt such as World War I, the poverty of the Russian population and the inefficient government. Primarily, Russians faced the burden of financial hardship resulting from the aftermath of war. Economic issues continued toRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto Karl Marx2006 Words   |  9 Pagesregulations, to begin living differently by building a new order, especially when opportunity presents itself. By the end of the First World War, the exhausted Russian population was expecting an adequate response from the government, one that would uplift the country’s standards of living. Yet, every day only further exace rbated the unhappiness of the Russian citizens, eventually causing tsar Nicholas II to abdicate. 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During his reign as the near absolute ruler of the Soviet Union, Stalin incited a plethora of atrocities, notably the manufactured famines, purges, and labour camp imprisonments. Stalin was able to be the primary blame for the death of an estimated 20-60 million people, with nearly no regard for human lifeRead MoreMarxism And Its Effects On The World s Republic Of China1493 Words   |  6 Pages During the nineteenth century, in the midst of increased industrialization, worker exploitation, and growing gaps in wealth, Karl Marx formulated a political theory which would go on to remodel global politics in an unprecedented manner. Marxism, as it would later be known, or more generally, Communism, was destined to guide countless nations’ paths to â€Å"liberation.† Two countries in particular, the USSR and the People’s Republic of China, can trace their rapid escapes from â€Å"backwardness† into