Cognitive and Social Psychology for Community- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCognitive and Social Psychology for Community. Answer: Introduction Cognitive development is said to be the field of study in human psychology which is related to the development of a child in terms of information processing, development of brain, perception of skills and its development and learning their first language. These developments in children take place according to the type of society in which they grow at young age. There are some sociological factors which determine the development of a childs brain towards cognitive factors and develop a psychology among them. In the following discussion cognitive development in a social context is illustrated with the theories of cognitive development. Other theories related to the memory and its applications, theory of psychology, individual interaction with society and community, influence of group on an individual behavior and theories of social relationships and discussed briefly. All these theories of psychology holistically establish the cognitive psychology. Cognitive Development in a Social Context Development of cognitive behavior and content in a human being comes from the creation of environmental practices which a child experiences and observes their parents and other partners do around them. These developmental practices are dependent on the type of environment created around a child by the adults (Berntsen 2017). The information processed by a child is in the same way its parents would have perceived it when they were children and their parents before them since the genesis of the species. The social concepts which a child understands and learns is from the behavior and practices which are followed by the adults around them. It completely depends on the type of society in which the child is living which will determine its cognitive development. For example a child learns the same language which is spoken by his parents in his home (Bremner 2017). The cognitive development of a childs brain happens mainly from its surroundings. The brain acts in the same way as it is train ed to act by the environment in which the child lives. Theories of Cognitive Development There are generally four theories of Cognitive Development which are considered standard in the context of cognitive psychology. The first one is Piagets Theory, the second one is Sociocultural Theory, third one is Core-Knowledge Theory and the fourth one is Information-processing Theory. The most relevant and important among all these theories is Piagets Theory which states that child is a scientist and they construct their own knowledge through experimenting (Banks 2012). It states that children learn on their own without interference of any adults. It I established that children are intrinsically motivated to learn and they do not need any motivation and rewards from adults for their learning. According to Piagent there are four stages of cognitive development which are qualitative change in which children of different ages think differently, broad applicability in which knowledge acquired by children increases its scope and outlook, brief transitions which states that transition to higher levels of thinking may not be continuous and the last one is invariant thinking in which all the stages of thinking are equal (Forde 2009). Theories of Memory and Their Application to Practice There are many theories of memory which state that how a person remembers anything. An important theory of memory is Multi-Store Model in which there are 3 states of memory: sensory, short-term and long term. Another theory is Levels of Processing, according to which the quality of memory depends upon the level of processing information. There are two types of processing, shallow processing and deep or semantic processing. Third model of memory is Working Memory Model (Kingsley 2017). This theory is based on how the information is filtered and is available when the memory is recalled according to the need. Another theory of memory is Millers Magic Number which relates to the short-term memory. A person has a capacity of retaining things for some time after that he forgets it when not revised. It is called the theory of Memory Decay. It is about measuring the longevity of a memory that how long it will last if not revised and in what time it will be completely forgotten (Seebohm et al . 2012). Theories of Social Psychology and Their Application to Practice There are quite a number of social psychology theories which are applied in different circumstances. Attribution theory is one in which people explain the characteristics of others. It is divided into two parts, the first one is situational attribute which is derived from external factors and other one is dispositional which is concerned with internal factors. Theory of cognitive dissonance relates to the concept of the self and its importance. If some other person contradicts the belief of a self then the person concerned feels uncomfortable about the situation (Spiegel and Parent 2017). Drive Theory is concerned with the presence of an audience which makes a person conscious and develops a sense of arousal. Elaboration likelihood Theory illustrates that if a memory is created out of persuasion then it exists due to the likelihood of cognitive elaborations. Self-verification theory states that a person has a desire to be understood and known by its peers. Social-comparison theory st ates that a person knows about himself by comparing his nature to other people around him (Seebohm et al. 2012). Individual Interaction with Society and Community Individual is the most basic unit of a society. It is the cumulative effect of the individuals psychology which shapes the nature and kind of a community. If people do not interact with each other, there will be no community. An individual learns to interact and develop cognitive psychology through the community in which his lives. The interaction on individual in a society is determined by the right and wrong practices which a community is in consensus with (Kingsley 2017). Each society is governed by its own values and rules which is learnt by the individual. There are certain types of interactions which may be a glance, a handshake, a conversation or waving of a hand. The theory of interaction of an individual with a society can be categorized in three phases which are functionalist, inter-actionist and culture and personality. There are some basic etiquettes of interaction which an individual has to learn from the society to hold a substantial position in their respective communi ty (Van Stekelenburg and Klandermans 2017). Influence of the Group on Individual Behavior Groups are made by the individuals, and they are governed by their own set of morns which are formed by the set of values of the respective individuals of the group. Norms of the group changes as the group and the individual grows in it. The values and methods of interaction determine the collective behavior of the group. Whereas, the changes in ways of interaction have direct impact on an individual. There are certain norms such as performance norms which determine the rules with which a person should do their work in a group (Seebohm et al. 2012). Appearance norms, which determines the looks and physical appearance of an individual. Social Arrangement norms, which are concerned about the social etiquettes of a person. Resource allocation norms guide a person in the business environment. All these norms of a group influence the behavior of an individual which is a reflection of the collective behavior of a group on an individual (Smith and Haslam 2017). Theories of Social Relationships and Its Application in Social/Community Settings Man is a social animal and to survive and develop himself in his life he needs to make social relationships with people around him. These social relationships become the major part of an individuals life as one gets engrossed in them and lead their entire life complying with the needs of these relationships. The most basic social relationship which a person develops is family. In this relationship a person develops an emotional and physical bond which leads to their development on an individual aspect and development of the entire society on a collective basis(Banks 2012). There are four theories of social relationship which are Communal Sharing in which people share same thoughts and feelings unconditionally between themselves. Authority ranking which shares a relationship of subordination. Equality Matching, a theory in which people tend to establish balance in the society. Market pricing theory which measure the socially meaningful and beneficial relationships accordingly (Forde 2 009). Conclusion From the above discussion about the cognitive and social psychology it can be concluded that a development of a childs psychology is determined by the environment in which he lives at young age. There are a number of factors which determines the cognitive development of a childs brain and shapes it to comply with the rules and regulations, values and etiquettes followed in their respective societies. The above discussion comprise of social theories which are related to an individuals significance in the society. Memory theories are also discussed which determines the longevity of a persons memory and its capacity to learn and remember things according to the situation. It can be concluded that there is a great impact of the society and environment in which a person lives and grows as it solely determines the nature and character of a person. As it has been said that a man is known for the company he keeps. References Banks, S. ., 2012 Ethics and Values in Social Work. (4th Ed.) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Berntsen, D., 2017. Flashbulb memories and social identity1.Flashbulb Memories: New Challenges and Future Perspectives. Bremner, J.G., 2017.An introduction to developmental psychology. John Wiley Sons. Cantor, N. and Kihlstrom, J.F. eds., 2017.Personality, cognition and social interaction(Vol. 5). Routledge. Childrens Rights Alliance, 2013.What Are Childrens Rights? Available: https://www.childrensrights.ie/childrens-rights-ireland/childrens-rights-ireland [accessed 01 September, 2013]. Forde, C. ., 2009 The Politics of Community Development: Relationship with the State. In: Forde, C., Kiely, E. and Meade, R., eds. Youth and Community in Ireland: Critical Perspectives, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, pp. 49-68 Kingsley, D., 2017. Credit where credit is due. Seebohm, P., Gilchrist, A. and Morris, D. ., 2012 Bold but Balanced: How Community Development Contributes to Mental Health and Inclusion. Spiegel, J.B. and Parent, S.N., 2017. Re-approaching community development through the arts: a critical mixed methods study of social circus in Quebec.Community Development Journal, pp.1-18. Van Stekelenburg, J. and Klandermans, B., 2017. Individuals in movements: A social psychology of contention. InHandbook of social movements across disciplines(pp. 103-139). Springer, Cham

Competition and Strategy in Higher Education †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Competition and Strategy in Higher Education. Answer: Introduction It can be analyzed that development tools play a great role in conducting the activities in the right direction. It is seen that in this essay the focus will be given more on the development tools like SWOT, Porter five forces and Pestle analysis. These tools help to maintain proper balance in the overall activities of the company. SWOT analysis is one of the development tools that provide information related to the internal environment of the organizations. In this tool, there are four sections that represent the concept of strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats. It is the important concept as it helps to give actual position which the company has in the market. It is seen that the focus is given by the managers of the organization and rectification are done so that competitive advantage can be achieved (Bell and Rochford, 2016). This framework represents the strength of the company which has a connection with various factors of the marketing mix and it is also related to the market share of the company. The strength of the company represents the brand image and the overall goodwill possessed by the company. Next section is related to the weakness in which it has a link with the insufficient resources available with the company. Also in many companies, there is weak distribution channel which comes under the section of weakness (Huggins and Izushi, 2015). The threat of the company is related to the number of competitors of the company in the market. The last section represents opportunities that have a connection with the new product development and also the chance available to the customers to achieve large market share (Hill, Jones, and Schilling, 2014). Practical Example is related to Ford in which it can be analyzed that the company has a large market share and a good image. It is seen that goodwill of the company is one of the major strength that helps to achieve success in the competitive environment. The weakness is related to the high-cost structure and also low exposure in the Asian market. It is analyzed that due to this weakness negative impact is seen on the growth of the company (Santos and Laczniak, 2015). Opportunities of the company are related with the strategic partnership and also the company has new emission standards. Next aspect is related to a threat which the company faces in the competitive market. Ford has to face m major threat due to the fluctuation that takes place in the exchange rate and also the threat is from the competitors like Toyota and BMW who offer same products to the customers. Top management or the managers analyze all the aspects so that growth can be achieved in an effective manner (Sminia, 2017). Porter Five Forces Framework By focusing on this development tool it is analyzed that if the company consider this model then it can be possible to evaluate the competitive environment of the company. In this framework, there are five aspects of competitive rivalry which is related with the strength possessed by the competitors and also the prices of the competitors are evaluated. Power of supplier is also one of the factors which are related to the overall suppliers or number of suppliers in the market. If there are large numbers of suppliers then power is reduced (Pucciarelli and Kaplan, 2016). Power of buyer is also considered as a factor in which proper evaluation is made of the buyers who are availing the services of the company. The threat of substitute is one of the aspects in which proper analysis is made of the substitute that is seen in the market and it gives impact on the overall prices of the company. The threat of new entry is one of the factors in which analyze is made by focusing on the new entry of the business in the market. It is analyzed that it has a link with the overall high cost and also concerned with the entry in the market of the new business. It is seen that in there are many new businesses who are entering the market due to this the new entrants is high in the market. The substitution of products is also high as there are many competitors who are present in the market like Cadbury from which the customers can easily substitute the products. It is seen that power of buyer is high in this company as there are many buyers who purchase the products and if the focus is given on the supplier then it can be analyzed that it is also high as there are many suppliers who offer products to the customers in the market. If rivalry level is analyzed then it is seen that it is high as the competition level is high in the market (Porter and Heppelmann, 2014) PESTLE Analysis framework This framework focuses on the external environment analysis of a company which takes into consideration six aspects like political, economic, social, legal, environmental, legal and technological. In this framework, the entire external environment is considered in which the activities of the company are conducted. It is seen that there are many aspects of the analysis which help to analyze the environment of the industry. In this framework, there are six aspects like It is related to the government rules and regulations that influence the activities of the company. It can be evaluated that it gives direct impact on the policies which are given by the government and it considers tariff policies and fiscal policies which impact the activities of the company. It is seen that these factors give impact on the activities of the company (Grant, 2016). It is seen that it affect the overall performance of the company in a specific country. It also takes into consideration the rate of inflation that gives impact on the prices of the services and products. Revenue is also one of the factors which get affected and also impact is seen on the purchasing decision of the customers (Moutinho and Phillips, 2018). It is also related to the technologies which are latest and helps the company to enhance innovation. The activities are conducted smoothly of the company considers latest technologies to conduct the activities (Van Alstyne, Parker, and Choudary, 2016). It considers the external and internal factor of the company and also many laws are there which is important to be considered by the company. It has a connection with the environment of the surroundings in which the company conducts the activities. This is an important aspect which impacts the overall activities of the company.Apple is one of the practical examples and it is seen that the policies of the government give effect on the overall cost with is concerned with the labor and manufacturing. Also, the effect is seen on which impact the power of the buyers of the customers who are from different countries. The technological factor is also one of the aspects which show that products which are offered can be innovative. Also, it is the formation of the apple company is affected by the rules and policies which are imposed. Environmental issues are related to the used products which should be disposed of so that activities can be conducted smoothly. References Bell, G.G. and Rochford, L., 2016. Rediscovering SWOTs integrative nature: A new understanding of an old framework.The International Journal of Management Education,14(3), pp.310-326. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Huggins, R. and Izushi, H., 2015. The Competitive Advantage of Nations: origins and journey.Competitiveness Review,25(5), pp.458-470. Moutinho, L. and Phillips, P., 2018. Strategic analysis. InContemporary Issues in Strategic Management(pp. 46-79). Routledge. Porter, M.E. and Heppelmann, J.E., 2014. How smart, connected products are transforming competition.Harvard Business Review,92(11), pp.64-88. Pucciarelli, F. and Kaplan, A., 2016. Competition and strategy in higher education: Managing complexity and uncertainty.Business Horizons,59(3), pp.311-320. Santos, N. and Laczniak, G., 2015. Marketing to the poor: A SWOT analysis of the Market Construction Model for engaging impoverished market segments.Social Business,5(2). Sminia, H., 2017. The industrial organization approach. InThe Strategic Manager(pp. 51-70). Routledge. Van Alstyne, M.W., Parker, G.G. and Choudary, S.P., 2016. Pipelines, platforms, and the new rules of strategy.Harvard Business Review,94(4), pp.54-62.

Essay Collection Query Letter Sample - Find Your Ideal One

Essay Collection Query Letter Sample - Find Your Ideal OneWriting an essay collection in the email is an option for those who are able to write a copy of their work on their personal computer. It is very much convenient to just take out your work and put it into an e-mail so that you can send it to your book club and let the person read it in her own time instead of checking it out when she is too busy.Finding the right essay collection query letter sample is as simple as finding a website that makes the program that will help you and get you started. There are many programs out there that offer this service for free and that is the beauty of this kind of service.There are many benefits to using this type of program to help you find essay collection query letter sample. You will be able to come up with several choices in which you want to use. It will save you time, effort and money.There are several reasons why you should use this kind of program to help you find essay collection qu ery letter sample. For starters, they can help you write it faster and easily since they provide the features you need to help you in creating a resume that will allow you to create an interesting resume that will make an impression on the reader.The essay collection query letter sample will help you work on coming up with the most appropriate resume for you. This allows you to know what to include and what to leave out. When you use the program you will be able to put it together for free and you will be able to make adjustments and change the information you need without having to pay for it.When you write an email that includes the words that you have written in it, it will be more attractive to the reader. It can be a real time saver because you do not have to deal with a lot of work. All you have to do is plug the program in and let it do all the work for you.One last thing that you should consider is whether or not it is important to pay for the particular essay collection que ry letter sample you want to use. There are many programs out there that have these features for free, but not all of them are that good. There are certain programs that offer excellent service for the price of what you pay for it.

The Problem of Anorexia in Modern American Society

Modern American society has faced a really severe problem of eating disorders which are mainly caused by Hollywood ideals of â€Å"beauty†. Nowadays more than 24 million Americans suffer from anorexia which leads to many fatal outcomes. However, in spite of frightening statistics, nowadays many sufferers have a good chance to recover due to increasing number of programs and campaigns aimed at overcoming this disease.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Problem of Anorexia in Modern American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to First et al. (2004) anorexia is â€Å"the refusal to maintain normal body weight, which is related to an extreme fear of becoming fat† (First et al., 2004, p.316). It has been suggested that this eating disorder prevails in the industrial countries where much attention is paid to thinness, thus, it is caused mainly by social and cultural reasons (First et al. , 2004, p.315). It is necessary to point out that this disorder leads to some severe complications, causing heart and kidneys diseases, blood pressure diseases, headaches, osteoporosis, depression and many others physical and mental disorders (â€Å"Eating Disorders Mirror Mirror,† n.d.). Admittedly, anorexia affects greatly sufferers’ personal and social life. These people show low activity in work, education, etc. and due to the high comorbidity of this disease they are usually weak and frustrated (â€Å"Eating Disorders Coalition,† n.d.). Such people are preoccupied with their weight and do not try to participate social life. According to the National Eating Disorders Association Statistics 10 million American females suffer from anorexia (â€Å"NEDA,† n.d.). It is necessary to add that the average adolescent age is about 15 years old (â€Å"The Renfrew Centre Foundation,† n.d.). Reportedly, 40% of cases identified in 2003 were in girls aged fro m 15 to 19 years old. As far as ethnicity of sufferers is concerned, it is necessary to point out that more than 90% of cases are Caucasians, about 2.7% – Hispanic people, and the rest of cases of anorexia are identified in people of other ethnicity (â€Å"The Renfrew Centre Foundation,† n.d.). Besides, more than 60% of such cases are traced in single people (â€Å"The Renfrew Centre Foundation,† n.d.). Admittedly, many people suffering eating disorders do not get the appropriate mental and medical care (â€Å"The Alliance for Eating Disorders Awareness,† n.d.). However, in recent years different non-governmental organization started paying a lot of attention to the problem. Thus, there are many centers which help people suffering from eating disorders.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many of them offer different programs of effective mental care wh ich enable people to become committed to overcome the problem (â€Å"Monte Nido,† n.d.). Fortunately, there are many centers which offer full-time treatment, others invite people for meetings aimed at discussion and overcoming the problem. Many conferences are launched for therapists to share their experience and find new ways of helping anorexia sufferers (â€Å"Eating Disorders Coalition,† n.d.). In fact, at the moment many sufferers can find the professional help on the Internet. However, the main reason of low mental care is caused by ethical issues since far from all eating disorders sufferers admit that they need help. Thus, it is possible to conclude that anorexia, being a very severe kind of eating disorders which often leads to fatal outcome, is widely spread throughout the USA, affecting, in the majority of cases, young female. However, recently an increasing number of programs and campaigns aimed at overcoming this problem are being launched. Fortunately, th is positive trend is likely to maintain in future. Reference List First, M. B., Frances, A., Pincus, H. A. (2004). DSM-IV-TR Guidebook. American Psychiatric Pub. The Alliance for Eating Disorders Awareness. Web. Monte Nido Treatment Center. Web. Eating Disorders Mirror Mirror.  Anorexia Statistics. Web.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Problem of Anorexia in Modern American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Renfrew Centre Foundation. Web. NEDA. (2005). Web. UCLA. Web. This report on The Problem of Anorexia in Modern American Society was written and submitted by user Eileen Obrien to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

PreDarwinism Views essays

PreDarwinism Views essays Before November 24, 1859, many people simply believed that species were created by God in their present forms, or that it was possible for organic matter to be spawned from inorganic matter. However, Charles Darwin used these ideas to create his thesis, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. The first true theories on evolution arise during the classical Greek period. On a handful of Greek philosophers believed in the theory of evolution and natural selection. Unfortunately, the two philosophers who influenced western civilization the most, Plato and Aristotle, opposed any theory of evolution. Plato believed that there were two worlds, one real world, and one imperfect world that we perceive with our senses. Any variations in life were imperfect images of their ideal forms. However, Aristotle didnt believe in two worlds; instead, he believed in a scale of nature. Each life form was arranged on a type of ladder. It started at the bottom with the least complex organism and continued up to the most complex organism. Each organism had a pre-determined rung, which allowed no ability to move up, and no open spaces for a new organism to According to Neil Campbell in his book, Biology: Fourth Edition, Juedo-Christian culture fortified anti-evolution theories. (p. 400-401) The creationist-essentialist dogma that species were permanent and created for a specific purpose became deeply embedded in Western thought. Any person who dared to theorize or believe in theories about evolution were instantly labeled heretics. The medieval church saw evolution as saying that God did not exist, that we are not the supreme creation, and that humans could just However, in the later 1700s and early 1800s there was a scientific revolution taking place. People began to use scientifi ...

Analysis of Articles about Warm Bodies Movie Annotated Bibliography

Analysis of Articles about Warm Bodies Movie - Annotated Bibliography Example The author recognizes the uniqueness of the zombie in warm waters movie compared to other zombies seen in movies or read in books. The author tries to analyze the contribution of â€Å"R† as the main character. The article will be fundamental in understanding zombies, the role of â€Å"R,† and how the movie grabbed teens attention. As such, the article is current and relevant to reviewing the movie, Warm waters. Hamilton, Mary. â€Å"Warm Bodies: what our love affair with zombies says about us.† The Guardian, 8 February 2013. Web. 16 March 2015. < http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/08/warm-bodies-film-zombie-love-affair> The article by Mary Hamilton shows how our relationships with zombies say about our culture. The author reckons that Warm Bodies is a zombie romantic comedy that invades popular consciousness. The article asserts that zombie movies have been attracting immense attention in the recent past. The author presents the cultural significance of zombies and notes that zombies depict human loneliness and ability to deal with the disaster. According to the author, the cultural significance of zombies has changed over time and recognizes the epidemic of zombie culture seen in books, films, games, and zombie experiences. The article claims that the movie, Warm Bodies is just another zombie story where zombies are human but act like monsters. The audience can use the article to understand the impact of zombies on our culture where humanizing monsters relates to the acceptance of our dark cultures. The journal article by Kevin Johnson shows how the main character â€Å"R† is special than the other zombies seen in movies or read about in books. The article depicts R as a hero who survived a plague. Unlike other zombies, the author shows that R (Nicholas Hoult) depicts a high thinking capacity while he was wandering through an airport.     Ã‚  

Cloud computing (Opportunities and concerns (security)) Essay

Cloud computing (Opportunities and concerns (security)) - Essay Example Cloud computing greatly scales down the business resources, this is because you do not have to own these resources but you can get them through the web. These resources include software and business applications, development and runtime platforms and infrastructure (Hauck et al 2010). Hayes (2010) describes this phenomenon as programs and data being transferred from personal computers and corporate server rooms and being installed in constellations or clouds. He cites an example of making an excel spreadsheet using Google docs. In this case you may not have the software installed in your computer but you can access it over the web services and web APIs. Cloud computing has come with several opportunities especially for the business people but there has also been several security concerns over this innovation. This paper discusses the opportunities availed by cloud computing and also the security concerns. 1.1 Opportunities 1.1.1 Time to market products and services can be reduced Clo ud computing provides businesses with an opportunity to market their products via the services available on the internet. The old method was that one had to use the computer software to publish posters to advertise their products and services. These posters had then to be distributed to the potential consumers. However, businesses can now use cloud based systems such as emails, Facebook and Twitter to market their products and services. I think this is a good opportunity for businesses that have embraced technology. 1.1.2 Reduction in cost of IT investment Cloud computing offer businesses and organizations an opportunity to reduce on their cost of investing in information and technology. Traditionally, businesses, individuals or organizations had to install the software they required and maintain them. This software comes with a price and they may need regular updates. The software may also crash and lead to lose of all your data. The introduction of cloud marketing has reduced the risks and costs in information technology. The software or programs are available over the internet and you only pay on demand. You do not need to pay for the maintenance cost and the risk of data loss is greatly reduced. However, I think cloud computing also needs some investment in IT. 1.1.3 Reduction of barrier of entrance The introduction of cloud computing is a game changer for rules of competition in the business sector. Traditionally, only large business could manage to own and use computer services and programs in their business activities because of the cost of installation and maintenance. Cloud avails the infrastructure to all business on rent. This offers small and medium enterprises an opportunity to efficiently use the infrastructure and enjoy the benefits as large firms. With that, the platform of competition will be levelled. This might be true, but it is my view that it is the already established companies that can better utilize the opportunity of cloud